Blood Group

Blood Group

Introduction

➖Based on the presence and absence of antibodies, the blood is classified into different groups.

➖Further, while classification, the presence and absence of the inherited antigenic substances also considered.

➖The types of blood groups are inherited and represent contributions from both the father and the mother.

ABO Blood Group System

➖In human blood, usually, there are two antigens and antibodies.

➖The two antigens are antigen A and antigen B.

➖The two antibodies are antibody A and antibody B.

➖The antigens are remaining in the red blood cells, whereas the antibodies are found in the serum.

➖Based on the antigen property, the blood group of all human beings can be classified as −

 Blood Group A − antigen A and antibody B

 Blood Group B − antigen B and antibody A

 Blood Group AB − antigen A and antigen B and no antibody

 Blood Group O − no antigen, but antigen A as well as antibody B

➖Consideration of the ABO system is the most imperative while transfusion of human blood.

➖The ABO blood group systems were first discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901.

Rh Blood Group System

➖The Rh system (the meaning of Rh is Rhesus) is another significant blood-group system. It is very important to match Rh system while blood transfusion.

➖Rh antigen first studied in Rhesus monkeys; therefore, its name is given Rh factor/system.

➖The person who does not have Rh antigen is known as Rh negative (Rh-ve) and the person who has the Rh antigen is known as Rh positive (Rh+ve).