Cancer is not a type of disease, but it occurs in many forms. There are more than 100 types of cancer. Most cancers are named after the organ or cells in which they begin - for example, cancer that starts in the colon is called colon cancer, a cancer that starts in the basal cells of the skin. Is called carcinoma.

The term cancer is used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic system.

Main categories of cancer

Carcinoma: A cancer that occurs in the skin or in the tissues that make up or cover the levels of internal organs.

Sarcoma: A cancer that starts in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels or other connective tissue or accessory.

Leukemia: Cancer that begins in tissues such as the blood-forming bone marrow and causes the production of abnormal blood cells in large amounts and entry into the blood.

Lymphoma and myeloma: A cancer that starts in the cells of the immune system.

Central nervous system cancer: Cancer that starts in the brain and spinal cord tissues.

Origin of cancer

All types of cancer begin in cells, which are the basic unit of life in the body. To understand cancer, it is useful to find out what happens when normal cells turn into cancer cells.

Benign tumors: These are not cancerous tumors. Often they can be removed from the body and in most cases, they do not come back again. Cells in benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body.

Malignant tumors: These are cancerous tumors, and the cells of these tumors can invade surrounding tissue and spread to other parts of the body. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis.

Leukemia: It is a cancer of the bone marrow and blood, not a tumor.

Some symptoms of cancer

Tightness or lump in the breast or any other part of the body.

A new mole or a change to an existing mole.

Any soreness that cannot be cured.

Hoarseness or coughing.

Changes in bowel or bladder habits.

Feeling discomfort after meals.

Difficulty swallowing.

Increase or decrease in weight without any reason.

Abnormal bleeding or discharge.

Feeling weak or feeling very tired.

Usually, these symptoms do not occur due to cancer. These can be caused by benign tumors or other problems. Only doctors can tell them exactly. Whoever has these symptoms or other health changes, should be seen by a doctor to find out immediately. Usually, early cancer does not hurt. If you have symptoms of cancer, do not wait to see a pain to see a doctor.

Cancer prevention ?

Some ways to reduce the risk of getting cancer are:

Do not use tobacco products.

Eat less fat and use more vegetables, fruits and whole grains.

Do regular exercise.

Laboratory test

With the help of blood, urine, or other fluids the doctor may examine it. These tests can detect how well the organs are functioning. In addition, heavy amounts of some substances also indicate cancer. These substances are often called tumor markers. However, abnormal laboratory results are not definitive signs of cancer. One should not rely only on laboratory tests to check for cancer.

Imaging process

It photographs the areas inside the body, or helps the doctor know if a tumor is present in the body. These imaging can be done in several ways:

X-rays: X-rays are the most common way of looking at the organs and bones inside the body.

CT scan: In this method an X-ray machine is attached to a computer, which makes a series of detailed images of organs (such as a dye) with a contrast material. These pictures are easy to read.

Radionuclide scan: It involves imaging by injecting a small amount of radioactive material. It flows through blood and gets deposited in some bones or organs. A machine called a scanner measures and detects radioactivity. The scanner makes images of bones or organs on a computer screen or on film. Soon radioactive material is released from the body.

Ultrasound: An ultrasound device transmits sound waves that people cannot hear. The waves hit the tissues inside the body like echoes and return. The computer uses these echoes to create images called sonograms.

MRI: It is used to make detailed images of body parts from a computer connected to a strong magnet. Doctors can view these pictures on a monitor and print them on film.

PET scan: After injecting a small amount of radioactive material, a special machine makes drawings to show chemical activities in the body. Cancer cells sometimes appear as areas of high activity.

In most cases, doctors are required to perform a biopsy to check for cancer. For biopsy, a sample of tissue is taken from the identified tumor and sent to the laboratory for examination. The pathologist looks at those tissues with the help of a microscope.

Cancer treatment process ?

Cancer therapy includes surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bacterial therapy and biological therapy. Depending on the type of cancer condition, the doctor may adopt a single or combined procedure. How much the disease has spread, the age of the patient and general health and other elements also have to be taken into consideration.

Biopsy

Sampling can be taken in several ways:

By needle: The doctor uses a needle to remove tissue or fluid.

Through an endoscope: The doctor uses a thin, lighted tube (endoscope) to view the areas inside the body. Doctors can receive tissue or cells through a tube.

Through surgery : Surgery may involve cutting or incision.

In a biopsy to be cut, the surgeon removes the entire tumor. Often some of the normal tissue surrounding the tumor is removed.

In an incised biopsy, the surgeon removes only part of the tumor. If the symptom or test result indicates cancer, the doctor finds out whether it is due to cancer or some other reason.

18F sodium fluoride bone scan

blood cancer

 

Overactive hepatitis (leukemia) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Blood cells start to grow abnormally, especially white blood cells.

Symptoms:

Excessive bleeding.

Anemia (anemia).

Other symptoms like fever, inertia, night sweats and flu

Weakness and fatigue.

Loss of appetite and / / weight loss.

Swollen gums or bleeding from them.

Nervous Symptoms (Headache).

Enlarged liver and spleen.

Easily scratched and frequent infection.

Joint pain.

Swollen glands (tonsils).

Breast Cancer