In modern medical science, it is also known as Pediatrics and Obstetrics. There is a famous scripture in Ayurveda called Kashyap Sanhita based upon this branch of Ayurveda. Bal- chikitsa also known as Kumar-Bhritya, Kumar refers to child from the age between 1 to 16 and Bhritya means to taking care of health and proper hygiene.
Reference
Ajay Jadhav